Utilizing Indium in Vacuum Equipment

Indium is one of the most commonly used materials in vacuum equipment.
Of course, it is also one of the important materials among the materials that make modern devices.

Indium has a melting point of 156 degrees and is very low.
Because the melting point is low, it is very easy to do something by melting in liquid.
On the other hand, it also means that it is difficult to use in an environment with thermal stress.
In other words, if you are thinking of using indium, you should first consider whether it is used in areas that are subject to thermal stress. It also means that you have to solve such problems by using coolant.

Since indium has a low vapor pressure, it is a very suitable material for vacuum components.
It is the junction of dissimilar materials that is the easiest to verify its use with these features.
If you have a sputter, you can check the use of indium in the bonded part of the ceramic target.

Indium is used for the bonding of sputter target. It is used for attaching ceramic target to copper plate because heat transfer is good and it is melted well.

In addition, indium can be very useful in places such as the sealing part of ultra-high vacuum chambers.
Of course, in this case, you have to worry about getting a thermal stress.

For reference, silver may be used instead of indium in areas with high thermal stress.

What are the ways to check the thickness of deposited thin films in real time?

Identifying the deposition rate and thickness of the thin film in real time on the deposition equipment is a very useful and important issue.

Real-time monitoring sensors can be classified into various types according to classification methods and criteria, but they can be classified into two types: insertion type and non-insertion type.

And, all sensors adopt the calibration method that is suitable for the measurement method, and it is possible to use without any problem without correcting the correct operation.

[Insertion type monitoring sensor]

A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), a mass spectroscopy (MS), an electron impact emission spectroscopy (EIES), an optical fiber sensor (OFS), a reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), an X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy

[Non-insertion type monitoring sensor]

SE (Spectroscopic ellipsometry), MWPI (Multiple wavelength pyrometric interferometry), APEL (Alpha particle energy loss), LR (Laser reflectomery), X-ray reflectivity (XRR)

There are many different kinds of monitoring methods being sought. The problem is that you have to select and use the sensor that is appropriate for your operating system and the element you want to measure.

How much pressure should I keep in my glove box?

It is recommended that the positive pressure inside the glove box should not exceed 15 millibar.
When using a glove, it is usually used at a pressure of about 3 to 5 millibars.

What is the minimum power required to maintain a deposition rate of 1 A/sec when palladium is deposited by E-Beam

There are many differences depending on the environment, but when it is desired to deposit with minimum power, it is enough to deposit about 3% of 10000 V e-beam power.

How much power is required for Ni sputtering?

For example, based on 6 inch sputter gun.

Target thickness is 2 mm.

The distance between the magnet and the target surface is 5 mm.

O.P 5 mTorr.

DC Power 1000 W, about Ampere 2.1 A, Voltage 450 V.

자석과의 거리에 따른 니켈 스퍼터링 증착 효율 감소

 니켈이나 철과 같은 자성체 물질을 스퍼터로 증착하는 경우에는 일반 금속과는 다르게 주의 해야하는 것들이 꽤 있습니다.

 우선, 타겟의 두께는 2mm가 넘지 않는 것을 사용하는 것이 좋습니다. 타겟의 두께가 두꺼우면 방전이 제대로 안되는 경우가 많습니다.

 초기 방전 압력은 조금 높게 유지 하는 것이 좋습니다.

 이것은 일반적으로 많이 알려져 있지만, 자석과의 거리를 얼마로 유지하는 것이 적당한 것인지는 좀 생각을 해보아야 합니다.

 우선 가까울수록 좋은 것은 말할 필요도 없습니다. 다만, 자석과 가까울 수록 교체하는 것이 매우 힘들다는 점입니다.

 자석과의 거리를 조금 멀리 하면, 아무래도 타겟 교체가 용이해 집니다.

 실험적으로 1mm 정도의 거리에 따라서 15%정도의 효율 감소를 생각 하면 될 거 같습니다.

 최대 4mm 정도 떨어진 거리까지 사용 가능 한 것으로 생각하면 될 것 같습니다.

비상장주식 양도 양수에 관한 몇가지 궁금한 내용

1. 비상장 주식의 거래는 항상 양도 소득세를 내야 하는 것인가?

일반적으로 주식시장에서 거래외든 상장 주식은 대주주가 아닌 이상 양도소득세가 과세되지 않는다. 그러나 비상장 주식은 대주주 소액주주 상관없이 단 한주를 팔았다 하더라도 양도 차익이 발생하면 양도 소득세를 납부 해야 한다.

2. 액면가로 취득한 주식을 액면가 그대로 양도하여 차익이 발생하지 않았다면, 양도소득세가 나오지 않으니 신고 하지 않아도 되지 않나요?

아니요, 신고는 해야 합니다.

3. 주식을 양수한 사람은 별도로 신고할 세금이 있나요?

주식을 판사람과 달리 양수한 사람은 별도로 신고하거나 납부할 세금이 없습니다.